postpartum Depression

Each student will individually write a paper over a relevant maternal-infant nursing topic that is addressed by a Healthy People 2030 objective. Healthy People 2030 objectives are available at 

https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives
 .The concept chosen must be appropriate and relevant to maternal-infant nursing. The purpose of this assignment is three-fold:  to thoroughly research a topic of interest relating to maternal-infant nursing; to synthesize the information found; and to then draw inferences about the concept. 

This paper is expected to be short, succinct, focused, and developed on the chosen topic. The student can adequately address the criteria in 
3-5 pages, excluding the title and reference pages. All papers must be typed and in APA 7 format.  I encourage you to meet with Megan Hasler, the School of Nursing's librarian if needed for APA guidance or search questions, etc. 

Students are strongly encouraged to send papers to the Writing Center prior to submission.
  References must include a minimum of three (3) journal articles, and you may also include an appropriate medical/nursing dictionary or encyclopedia, the course textbook, the state department of health website for vital statistics, the CDC, etc. See evaluation criteria below for specific guidelines, and PDF attachment for a template.  
Due by Sunday, November 5, at 23:59pm. In the box below you will find examples of topics that have an associated Healthy People 2030 objective. Topic must be approved.

NO MORE THAN ONE QUOTE IN THE PAPER!

Maternal-Infant Concept Paper Evaluation Rubric

CRITERION

POINTS POSSIBLE

Topic is defined adequately

5

How is evidence-based practice being utilized regarding the topic chosen?

5

How does this relate to nursing practice? What are some nursing considerations?

10

Choose and identify one Healthy People 2030 objective related to your chosen topic and research how your state/region/county/city compares to the goal.

10

What effect does this topic have on the client?  What cultural barriers may exist to complicate care? Other cultural considerations?

10

APA Style/Format correct (references, citations, title page, etc.)

5

Grammar (spelling, punctuation) and Content (clear, appropriate word usage, complete sentences, paragraphs, etc.)

5

TOTAL

50

CASE STUDY: Active Labor: Susan Wong

Read the following case study and answer the reflective questions. Please provide evidence-based rationales for your answers. APA, 7th ed. Citations must be followed.

CASE STUDY: Active Labor: Susan Wong

Mrs. Wong, a first-time mother, is admitted to the birthing suite in early labor after spontaneous rupture of membranes at home. She is at 38 weeks of gestation with a history of abnormal alpha-fetoprotein levels at 16 weeks of pregnancy. She was scheduled for ultrasonography to visualize the fetus to rule out an open spinal defect or Down syndrome, but never followed through. Mrs. Wong and her husband disagreed about what to do (keep or terminate the pregnancy) if the ultrasonography indicated a spinal problem, so they felt they did not want this information.

Reflective Questions 

1. As the nurse, what priority data would you collect from this couple to help define relevant interventions to meet their needs?

2. How can you help this couple if they experience a negative outcome in the birthing suite? What are your personal views on terminating or continuing a pregnancy with a risk of a potential anomaly? What factors may influence your views? 

3. With the influence of the recent Human Genome Project and the possibility of predicting open spinal defects earlier in pregnancy, how will maternity care change in the future?

assist week 8

Assignment: Utilize Feedback through Self-Reflection and Literature Review

In Week 7, you integrated and applied elements of the course content in the Signature Assignment, which allowed you to address a significant question or issue (i.e., through creative thinking, critical thinking, problem-solving, inquiry, and analysis). Using the feedback from your Week 7 assignment, you will have the opportunity to complete a self-reflection and respond accordingly.  Reflect on and respond to how the feedback provided can help you improve your academic performance and contribute to your professional growth. In addition to your self-reflection, you will also conduct an independent literature review of relevant scholarly, peer-reviewed sources. Choose sources that support your ideas for enhancement of the course competencies and content areas where you have identified opportunities for improvement. For example, if your professor indicated you need improvement in the area of team leadership, select sources that would enhance your knowledge and skill base in this area.

Part 1: Self-Reflection

You will complete a self-reflection using the
Feedback Review Template. The
Feedback Review Template is located in this week's Course Resources area.  To complete your self-reflection, seek clarity from your professor about the areas you did not understand or areas that require improvement. Schedule a one-to-one meeting with your professor to discuss the feedback provided and to inform your responses.  Use the
Feedback Review Template to address the following themes:

· How you developed and demonstrated the course competencies tied to this course.

· The practical relevance of the course concepts and course competencies to your professional growth and career interests.

· Future considerations (e.g., key trends or challenges) to keep in mind as related to the topics covered in this course.

Be sure to comprehensively address the feedback provided by professor for your Week 7 Signature Assignment. As you complete the template, you will be asked to address the following questions:

· What are the areas in which your professor indicated you did well? Why do you think you did well in this (these) areas?

· What are the areas in which your professor indicated you need to improve? What can you do to improve in this (these) areas?

· How did your professor's feedback help your mastery of the course subject matter?

· How did the Week 7 Signature Assignment and this course help you to develop the course competencies?

· What aspects of this assignment can you take forward into your professional career and why?

· How did this course contribute to your understanding of possible trends and/or challenges related to the profession of health administration in the future? What do you need to consider regarding the course topic and why? 

Part 2:
Annotated Bibliography

You will prepare an annotated bibliography of three scholarly, peer-reviewed resources to enhance your knowledge base related to selected course competencies and that is informed by your self-reflection and professor feedback. The resources must be current, published within the past 3-5 years. Each annotated bibliography should be no less than three robust paragraphs. Use feedback from your professor to identify scholarly, peer-reviewed sources that can help you improve in the areas noted (e.g., assignment enhancement, personal and/or professional growth, topic of further interest prompted by the course content).

Use the annotated bibliography guide from Academic Success Center (ASC)* to ensure that your annotated bibliography meets all requirements.

Remember, for this assignment, each annotated bibliography should be no less than three robust paragraphs. 

Assignment Requirements

Be sure to submit your assignment as one single document with two parts:  Part 1 will be a summary of your self-reflection using the
Feedback Review Template and Part 2 will be your annotated bibliography.

 Title page


Part 1: Based on the completion of your
Feedback Review Template, provide a self-reflection summary on how this course contributed to your professional growth and your understanding of future trends and/or challenges related to your profession (2 pages minimum).

· Include your
Feedback Review Template.

Part 2: An APA-formatted annotated bibliography with 3 peer-reviewed resources addressing one or all of the following areas:

· Enhancement of the Assignment

· Personal/Professional Growth and Development

·  Topic of interest for further investigation based on course content

 References (additional to the annotated bibliography)

QUESTION

see attached

Nursing

1. Give an example of how you have advocated for a patient, peer or subordinate and the outcome.  How did acting as an advocate help you grow as a leader? (application).

2. Describe an example of strategic or operational planning you have seen in your place of work and appraise the outcome (pros and/or cons) of this planning (evaluation).

3. Analyze the type of organizational structure at your place of work, (which structure does it most closely resemble and why?) How does the structure influence mission, vision, philosophy, and values (evaluation)

4. Which power-building strategies (organizational, political and or personal) have you found to be the most effective for enhancing your personal power and why?  Which has been the least effective or hardest to achieve and why?

pn 11 m3 written

 

Respiratory disorder

Response

  Due 09/13/23 1900 EST

Respond to this DB using APA and include at least 2 scholarly references

Competing Needs in Healthcare Policy Development: National Healthcare Issue of Healthcare Workers Shortage 

Different needs can have a big effect on how policies are made to deal with the shortage of health care workers. As a graduate student in nursing who also works in a psychiatric hospital, I know how difficult things can get.
Haddad, L. M., Annamaraju, P., and Toney-Butler, T. J. (2020) say that nurses are an important part of health care and make up the most important part of the health field. The World Health Statistics Report says that there are about 29 million nurses and midwives in the world, with 3.9 million of them working in the United States. 

From an academic and evidence-based point of view, competing needs include restricted budgets, different goals among stakeholders, different places where people can get health care depending on where they live, and changing patient demographics. These things can cause tension and problems when making laws.
There aren’t enough nurses for a few main reasons: bad planning and allocation of the workforce; lack of new staff due to lack of resources; bad recruitment, retention, and “return” policies; inefficient use of nursing resources due to the wrong mix and use of skills; bad incentive structures; and lack of career support. 

                                                       Effects of Competing Needs on Healthcare Workers Shortage 

For instance, if you know a lot about psychology, you could show how important it is to have mental health experts. But because of shortages, other parts of health care may also need help. To find a balance and meet these needs, workforce estimates must be based on facts and take into account how many people are retiring and how many people are being born. 

Getting to population health, universal health coverage (UHC), and fair access to health care depends on having a health staff with enough capacity, capability, and quality to meet epidemiological challenges and changing needs. WHO says that by 2030, there will be 40 million more jobs in health and social care because more people will need them around the world. In most countries, nurses are the most highly skilled workers, and they make up about half of the world’s health care workers. 

                                                              Solving The Issue Of Competing Needs through Policy 

In this situation, it would be important for healthcare managers, policymakers, educators, and professionals from other areas to work together to make policy. Research that shows what works can help businesses decide how to hire, train, and keep workers. By recognizing and addressing these different needs, plans can be made to deal with the lack of healthcare workers and take psychiatric nursing experience into account. 

When it comes to psychology, having different needs can have a big impact on how healthcare decisions are made. As a psychiatry nurse practitioner, for example, you might run into situations where the patient’s need for freedom conflicts with the need to give the right care and make sure the patient is safe. Finding a balance between individual rights and the bigger goals of treatment success and patient well-being requires healthcare professionals, policymakers, and patients to make decisions based on evidence and work together. When making plans to deal with these hard problems, it is important to think about study, clinical standards, and ethical principles. 

Most people who talk about nurse shortages say that lawmakers should pay attention to all parts (called “policy bundles”) and not make policies based on simple, linear thinking. There is proof of this in both high- and low-income countries, where programs that only focus on growing nurse training have not increased the number of nurses entering the workforce or filled gaps in priority areas where there have been shortages in the past. 

To deal with the lack of health care workers, we need a plan with many parts, including laws that help hire, keep, and train people. Some ways to improve access to healthcare are to pay healthcare workers more money, expand training programs, improve working conditions, and use telemedicine. Evidence-based policies can be made by looking at trends in the workforce, figuring out how different actions affect the situation, and involving stakeholders to make sure the policies are well applied. 

                                                                                                   References 

V.M. Drennan and Fiona Ross What’s going on, what it means, and what can be done to fix the problem The British Medical Bulletin, 130(1), pages 25–37 

Organization for World Health. Workforce 2030 is a global plan for using people to improve health. Retrieved September 11, 2023, from https://www.who.int/hrh/resources/pub_globstrathrh-2030/en/Links to an external site.

Shortage of Nurses | StatPearls | NCBI Bookshelf | NCBI Visit www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=773408731 for more information. 

Critical Appraisal

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Terminology and Language in Informatics

Standardized Terminology and Language in Informatics

Discussion

Purpose

This week's graded discussion topic relates to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

Preparing the Discussion

· Discussions are designed to promote dialogue between faculty and students, and students and their peers. In discussions students:

· Demonstrate understanding of concepts for the week

· Integrate outside scholarly sources when required

· Engage in meaningful dialogue with classmates and/or instructor

· Express opinions clearly and logically, in a professional manner

· Use the rubric on this page as you compose your answers.

· Best Practices include:

· Participation early in the week is encouraged to stimulate meaningful discussion among classmates and instructor.

· Enter the discussion often during the week to read and learn from posts.

· Select different classmates for your reply each week.

Discussion Question

Standardized Terminology and Language in Informatics is an important part of healthcare. Nurses and healthcare workers need to understand and be able to communicate clearly.

Please select

one
of the following options and discuss your understanding of the role in healthcare and its potential impact on your practice.

· Usability

· Integration

· Interface

· Interoperability

· Meaningful Use (Meaningful Use terminology has largely been replaced by the phrase ‘Promoting Interoperability’ or ‘PI’)

· Reimbursement from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) payment

· NANDA

· NIC/NOC

EBOOK to use for one citation:

https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9781323903148/epubcfi/6/492%5B%3Bvnd.vst.idref%3DP7001015544000000000000000002CB2%5D!/4/2%5BP7001015544000000000000000002CB2%5D/2/2%5BP7001015544000000000000000002CB3%5D/7:6%5B%20In%2Cter%5D

email:
[email protected]

Pwd: Leroyismyhero1#

let me know if you cannot have access to the ebook

Prof needs one citation from the ebook and one external citation

Unit 10 Peer response. Medications for Dementia. 800W. APA. 4 references due 10-10-23.

Advanced Psychopharmacology and Health Promotion

Unit 10 Peer response. Medications for Dementia. 800W. APA. 4 references due 10-10-23.

Instructions:

Please read and respond to at least two of your peers' initial postings. You may want to consider the following questions in your responses to your peers:

· Compare and contrast your initial posting with those of your peers.  

· How are they similar or how are they different?

· What information can you add that would help support the responses of your peers?

· Ask your peers a question for clarification about their post.

· What most interests you about their responses? 

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

Mojgan

Week 10, Medications for Dementia

Based on the test scores above, do you believe that Mrs. Outcome does have dementia?

        Dementia is characterized by a significant cognitive dysfunction from patients’ usual functioning level, impacting their daily activities and quality of life (Stahl, 2021). The Functional Activity Questionnaire (FAQ) is a validated instrument used to assess functional activity levels in older adults. It evaluates activities that require advanced skills, such as managing finances or preparing meals. The purpose of this questionnaire is to identify individuals with functional impairments, particularly in the elderly population (Vik et al., 2023). Mrs. Outcome's score of 13/30 suggests that she is experiencing disruptions in her daily functioning and may be dealing with cognitive issues.

        The GAD-7 scale (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale) is a validated tool that is increasingly utilized for screening and clinical research. It is applicable to both adults and adolescents, in both general population and individuals with anxiety disorders. This scale consists of seven items and is designed to evaluate the level of anxiety in patients (Todorović et al., 2023). Mrs. Outcome's score of 7/21 suggests she is experiencing mild anxiety.

        The Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) has a maximum score of 30 points, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function. It comprises 11 questions that assess aspects such as orientation to time, orientation to place, immediate memory, serial seven
 calculation, delayed memory, naming, repetition, oral instruction, writing instruction, spontaneous writing, and copying a design (Naito et al., 2023). Mrs. Outcome's score of 20/30 suggests mild cognitive impairments. Given Mrs. Outcome medical history, which includes incidents like “losing it,” a fire in her house, and confusion between day and night, there is a clear decline from her previous level of functioning. The test results also indicate cognitive decline. Mrs. Taylor is indeed experiencing some degree of cognitive issues, which could be indicative of dementia

What are the differences between delirium and dementia?

        Delirium and dementia differ in several ways. Delirium is a sudden-onset neuropsychiatric condition triggered by a medical issue. Delirium is characterized by disturbances in consciousness and cognitive function, with fluctuating symptoms, often affecting vulnerable individuals (Heijden et al., 2023). On the other side, dementia has a gradual onset and progresses over time (Stahl, 2021). While delirium is typically linked to a patient's medical conditions, often occurring in hospitals, and may be reversible if the underlying cause is resolved, dementia is usually progressive and generally not reversible. In delirium, patients experience impaired attention and reduced awareness of their environment, while those with dementia typically have relatively preserved attention and stable awareness. Dementia primarily affects memory and other cognitive areas in the early stages. Delirium can lead to impairments in various cognitive areas, including memory, language, and executive functions. Dementia patients have a higher risk of developing delirium compared to the general population (Fong & Inouye, 2022).

What two categories of medications are often used to treat dementia and how do these medications work?

        As per Stahl (2021), there are two main groups of medications that can help patients with dementia. The first group is Cholinesterase inhibitors, including medications like donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine. Cholinesterase inhibitors work by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter that is often reduced in dementia patients. This group of medications functions by increasing acetylcholine levels, which can improve cognitive function, particularly in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, was initially derived from snowdrops and has a unique mechanism of action, involving both the inhibition of cholinesterase and the regulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors (Stahl, 2021).

        The second group of medications consists of NMDA receptor antagonists, with memantine being a prominent example. These medications modulate the activity of glutamate, another neurotransmitter with a crucial role in learning and memory processes. By controlling glutamate levels, these medications may slow down the progression of dementia symptoms, particularly in cases of moderate to severe dementia (Stahl, 2021).

References

Fong, T. G., & Inouye, S. K. (2022). The inter-relationship between delirium and dementia: the importance of delirium prevention.
 Nature Reviews. Neurology, 18(10), 579-596. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-022-00698-7

Heijden, E. F. v. d., Kooken, R. W. J., Zegers, M., Simons, K. S., & van den Boogaard, M. (2023). Differences in long-term outcomes between ICU patients with persistent delirium, non-persistent delirium and no delirium: A longitudinal cohort study.
 Journal of Critical Care, 76https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154277

Naito, T., Suzuki, Y., Yamasue, K., Saito, K., Umemura, M., Kojima, N., Kim, H., Osuka, Y., Ishikawa, Y., & Tochikubo, O. (2023). Relationship between cognitive function and sway of body in standing posture: A cross-sectional study.
 Geriatrics, 8(2), 29. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8020029Links to an external site.

Stahl, S. M. (2021). 
Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical application (5th ed.)

Todorović, A., Baumann, C., Blanchin, M., & Bourion-Bédès, S. (2023). Validation of Generalized Anxiety Disorder 6 (GAD-6)—A Modified structure of screening for anxiety in the adolescent French population.
 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(8), 5546. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085546

Vik, A., Kociński, M., Rye, I., Lundervold, A. J., & Lundervold, A. S. (2023). Functional activity level reported by an informant is an early predictor of Alzheimer’s disease.
 BMC Geriatrics, 23, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03849-7

Mihaela

Unit 10 – Medications for Dementia

1.
Based on the test scores above, do you believe that Mrs. Outcome does have dementia?

Considering the test results given it seems probable that Mrs. Outcome is experiencing dementia. The score of 20/30, on the NMSE indicates cognitive impairment (Korsnes, 2020). The clock drawing test score of 2/5 indicates challenges with visuospatial abilities, which are often affected in individuals with dementia (Palsetia et al., 2018). Furthermore, her FAQ score of 13/30 suggests that she is experiencing functional impairment in daily activities (Gonzalez et al., 2022). The GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores indicate mild levels of anxiety and depression which are often seen in individuals with dementia (Stocker et al., 2021). Taking into account these scores, along with other observations like confusion regarding day and night, calling out for assistance, and daytime sleepiness it seems likely that she may be dealing with dementia.

1.
What are the differences between delirium and dementia?

Delirium and dementia are two conditions that can lead to cognitive impairment and have notable distinctions. Delirium typically manifests suddenly and exhibits fluctuating symptoms often triggered by a medical condition or medication side effect. It can usually be reversed by addressing the underlying cause (Grover & Avasthi, 2018). In contrast, dementia refers to a progressive deterioration in cognitive abilities over time and is irreversible (Duong et al., 2018).

1.
What two categories of medications are often used to treat dementia and how do these medications work?

There are two types of medications that are commonly used for treating dementia: cholinesterase inhibitors and N methyl D aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine work by increasing the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which helps improve cognitive function to some extent (Battle et al., 2021). On the other hand, NMDA receptor antagonists like memantine help regulate glutamate activity in the brain and may slow down the progression of symptoms associated with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (Wang et al., 2018). According to the World Health Organization, Alzheimer’s disease is the major cause of dementia, for approximately 60–70% of cases. This chronic neurodegenerative condition exhibits a progression of symptoms over time starting with forgetfulness and gradually affecting language skills, orientation, and behavior, and leads to severe loss of memory and impairment of certain bodily functions until the ultimate death (Wang et al., 2018).

References

Battle, C. E., Abdul-Rahim, A. H., Shenkin, S. D., Hewitt, J., & Quinn, T. J. (2021). Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: A network meta-analysis. 
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2021(2). 
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd013306.pub2Links to an external site.

Duong, S., Patel, T., & Chang, F. (2018). Dementia. 
Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada
150(2), 118–129. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163517690745Links to an external site.

González, D., Gonzales, M. M., Resch, Z. J., Sullivan, A., & Soble, J. R. (2021). Comprehensive evaluation of the functional activities questionnaire (faq) and its reliability and validity. 
Assessment
29(4), 748–763. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191121991215Links to an external site.

Grover, S., & Avasthi, A. (2018). Clinical practice guidelines for management of delirium in elderly. 
Indian Journal of Psychiatry
60(7), 329. 
https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.224473Links to an external site.

Korsnes, M. (2020). Performance on the mini-mental state exam and the montreal cognitive assessment in a sample of old age psychiatric patients. 
SAGE Open Medicine
8, 205031212095789. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312120957895Links to an external site.

Palsetia, D., Rao, G., Tiwari, S. C., Lodha, P., & De Sousa, A. (2018). The clock drawing test versus mini-mental status examination as a screening tool for dementia: A clinical comparison. 
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
40(1), 1–10. 
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_244_17Links to an external site.

Stocker, R., Tran, T., Hammarberg, K., Nguyen, H., Rowe, H., & Fisher, J. (2021). Patient health questionnaire 9 (phq-9) and general anxiety disorder 7 (gad-7) data contributed by 13,829 respondents to a national survey about covid-19 restrictions in australia. 
Psychiatry Research
298, 113792. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113792Links to an external site.

Wang, R., & Reddy, P. (2018). Role of glutamate and nmda receptors in alzheimer’s disease. 
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
57(4), 1041–1048. 
https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-160763Links to an external site.