Week 3 ion channel —3 Peer Response 800w. due9-20-23

Instructions:

Please read and respond to the two peers' initial postings for week 2 below. Consider the following questions in your responses.

Compare and contrast your initial posting with those of your peers.  

1. How are they similar or how are they different?

2. What information can you add that would help support the responses of your peers?

3. Ask your peers a question for clarification about their post.

4. What most interests you about their responses? 

5. Summaries at least 1 evidence based article that supports there point.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

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Response 1 400 words

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Week 3 Discussion: Ion Channels

Compare and contrast the two different major classes of ion channels.

The two different major classes of ion channels are ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated ion channels, both of which are membrane proteins that play a vital role in regulating cell membrane potential and neuron communication (Stahl, 2021). Ligand-gated ion channels are also referred to as ionotropic receptors, this is because LGIC is both a receptor and channel and thus serves a dual function (Stahl, 2021). LGIC are made of amino acids and contain multiple binding sites to bind ligands such as neurotransmitters, ions, and drugs, allowing ions to either bind to a receptor or travel through the channel (Stahl, 2021). Voltage-gated ion channels are channels that mediate nerve conduction, action potential, and neurotransmitter release (Stahl, 2021). These channels are controlled by the change in ionic charge or voltage across the cell membrane (Stahl, 2021). Voltage-gated ion channels tend to be more selective, allowing the influx of only one ion at a time, whereas ligand-gated channels are less selective in nature and allow different types of ions to pass through the channel (Alberts, 2002).

Explain the difference between full agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists.

An agonist is a ligand that binds to a receptor changing its state to result in a response (Stahl, 2021). The difference between full agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, and inverse agonist is that a full agonist leads to maximum signal transduction, whereas a partial agonist does not reach maximum signal transduction even with full receptor occupancy and can act as an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist (Stahl, 2021). Antagonists, on the other hand, is a ligand that binds to a receptor inhibiting its agonist-stimulated response (Stahl, 2021). Inverse agonists are ligands that when binding to a receptor cause a decrease in signal transduction, thus, their effect is the opposite of an agonist (Stahl, 2021).

References

Alberts, B. (2002). Ion channels and the electrical properties of membranes. Molecular Biology of the Cell – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26910/

Stahl, S. M. (2021). Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108975292

Response 2. 400 words

1.
Compare and contrast the two different major classes of ion channels.

To start this discussion board I would like to define what are ion channels. Ion channels are membrane proteins, which play a major role in regulating cellular excitability. There are 3 major ion channels but for this homework assignment, I will compare and contrast voltage-gated ion channels and Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (LGIC).

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Ligand-gated ion channels open when a chemical ligand such as a neurotransmitter binds to the protein (Libretexts, 2023).

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Voltage channels open and close in response to changes in membrane potential (Libretexts, 2023). Ion channels can be classified by how they respond to the environment.

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Ligand-gated ion channel’s permeability is greatly increased when some type of chemical ligand binds to the protein structure (Libretexts, 2023)

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Voltage-gated channels respond to disturbances in cell membrane potential and are highly selective for specific ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride (Ratan, 2018).

1.
Explain the difference between full agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists.

Full agonists	Partial agonist	Antagonist	Inverse agonists
A molecule or chemical compound that can bind to a receptor and activate the receptor therefore causing a biological response (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)	A molecule or chemical compound that can bind to a receptor and “weakly activate the receptor below maximum response (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)	A molecule or chemical compound that binds to the receptor but does not cause any activation in the receptor, therefore not causing any biological response (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)	Molecule of chemical compound that can bind to a receptor leading to deactivation, and decreasing the baseline activity of the receptor (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)

References:

Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist. PharmaEducation. (2023, August 11). https://pharmaeducation.net/agonist-partial-agonist-antagonist-inverse-agonist/

Libretexts. (2023, January 17). 10.5b: Ion Channels. Medicine LibreTexts. https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/10%3A_Overview_of_the_Nervous_System/10.5%3A_Neurophysiology/10.5B%3A_Ion_Channels

Ratan , N. (2018, October 26). Types of ion channels in the body. News. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of-Ion-Channels-

SOAP note Lumbar pain

 Post a response to your Blog in which you describe at least two of the most important needs/challenges/issues in your community or organization. Why are these needs/challenges/issues important? Be specific. Then, recommend at least two practice changes or interventions you would suggest to address these needs/challenges/issues in your community or organization. Be sure to align your role as the DNP-prepared nurse to the competencies identified in the AACN Essentials.

 

• American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2006). The essentials of doctoral education for advanced nursing practice. https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/Publications/DNPEssentials.pdfDownload DNPEssentials.pdf
• Andrew, N., Tolson, D., & Ferguson, D. (2008). Building on Wenger: Communities of practice in nursing.Links to an external site.Nurse Education Today, 28(2), 246–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2007.05.002
• Cook, D. A., Pencille, L. J., Dupras, D. M., Linderbaum, J. A., Pankratz, V. S., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2018). Practice variation and practice guidelines: Attitudes of generalist and specialist physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants.Links to an external site. PLOS ONE, 13(1), e0191943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191943
• Fukuda, T., Sakurai, H., & Kashiwagi, M. (2020). Efforts to reduce the length of stay in a low-intensity ICU: Changes in the ICU brought about by collaboration between Certified Nurse Specialists as head nurses and intensivists.Links to an external site. PLOS ONE, 15(6), e0234879. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234879
• Kislov, R., Walshe, K., & Harvey, G. (2012). Managing boundaries in primary care service improvement: A developmental approach to communities of practice.Links to an external site.Implementation Science, 7(97), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-97

RUBRIC FOR GRADING

 Subjective Documentation in Provider Note Template: Subjective narrative documentation in Provider Note Template is detailed and organized and includes: Chief Complaint (CC), HPI, Current Medications, Allergies, Past Medical History, Family History, Social History and Review of Systems (ROS)ROS: covers all body systems that may help you formulate a list of differential diagnoses. You should list each system as follows: General: Head: EENT: etc. You should list these in bullet format and document the systems in order from head to toe. =  Documentation is detailed and organized with all pertinent information noted in professional language….Documentation includes all pertinent documentation to include Chief Complaint (CC), HPI, Current Medications, Allergies, Past Medical History, Family History, Social History and Review of Systems (ROS). 

 Objective Documentation in Provider Notes – this is to be completed using the documentation template that is provided. Document in a systematic order starting from head-to-toe, include what you see, hear, and feel when doing your physical exam using medical terminology/jargon. Document all normal and abnormal exam findings. Do not use “WNL” or “normal”. You only need to examine the systems that are pertinent to the CC, HPI, and History. Diagnostic result – Include any pertinent labs, x-rays, or diagnostic test that would be appropriate to support the differential diagnoses mentioned. Differential Diagnoses (list a minimum of 3 differential diagnoses). Your primary or presumptive diagnosis should be at the top of the list (#1). =  Documentation detailed and organized with all abnormal and pertinent normal assessment information described in professional language….Each system assessed is clearly documented with measurable details of the exam.