Please read attachment for instructions. Thank you

 

Epidemiology and the stages of disease prevention

In this activity, you will apply the concept of prevention in terms of stages to a chronic disease control strategy in your country and consider the ways in which epidemiology can inform public health intervention.

Step 1: Review Table 6.1 “Levels of prevention” found on page 104 in this resource: Basic Epidemiology. (see attachment here) 

WHOBasicEpidemiology.pdf

Step 2: Choose one non-communicable chronic disease that is either prevalent in your community and one that you should know about as an APN.  

Step 3: Briefly describe several actions the APN, the state and US could take to contribute to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of your chosen chronic disease.  

Please address each of the following points in 200 to 300 words:

Primary: Briefly research (using online resources from a government, university, or professional association) and summarize the common risk factors for your chosen disease. Explain one or more actions your state/country could take to reduce the population’s exposure to one or more of these risk factors. (Note: Specify if you are recommending a strategy that targets the entire population or only high-risk individuals. ‘Population strategy’ and ‘High-risk individual strategy’ are described on pages 105-108 of the activity resource.)

Secondary: Briefly describe at least one common screening test for your chronic disease, and one or more actions your state/country could take to increase access to or increase public awareness of the benefits of this test. (Government websites are often a good place to get information about screening programs in your country. For example, information on cancer screening in the U.S.A. can be found here: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/)

Tertiary: Summarize one or more actions the healthcare system in your state/country could take to reduce the progression or complications of the disease you chose to focus on. (For example, you could describe the treatment, rehabilitation, or any other approaches that would help people, with the chronic disease, live longer and healthier lives).

Please be sure to adhere to the following when posting your weekly discussions:

1. Students are to write their name and the appropriate discussion number/discussion title in the title bar for each discussion. For example Discussion 1: Micheal Cabrera or Discussion 3: Sheila Smith. This is important in identifying that students are submitting original posts as well as response posts as required.

2. Students are to submit their discussions directly onto Blackboard Discussion Board Attachments submitted as discussion board posts will not be graded.

3.  As a reminder, all discussion posts must be minimum 500-550 words, references must be cited in APA format 7th Edition, and must include minimum of 3 scholarly resources published within the past 5-7 years (not part of the classroom coursework).  

 Read the article “Thinking Like a Nurse: A Research-Based Model of Clinical Judgment in Nursing” by Christine Tanner, which is linked below using the link provided.

https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=ccm&AN=106314107&site=eds-live&custid=s9076023

In at least three pages, answer the following questions:

1. What do you feel are the greatest influences on clinical judgment? Is it experience, knowledge, or a combination of those things?
2. In your opinion, what part does intuition play in clinical judgment? How do you think you’ll be able to develop nursing intuition?

Additional sources are not required but if they are used, please cite them in APA format.

Module 01 Content

1.

Top of Form

Many people in the US, particularly the elderly, take more than one prescribed medication. CDC (2014) reported that between 2009 and 2012 nearly 48% of persons asked used at least one prescription drug, 22% used three or more prescription drugs, and nearly 11% used five or more.

In a recent study published by the Mayo Clinic, seven out of 10 Americans take at least one prescription drug. The most commonly prescribed drug is antibiotics — taken by 17 percent of Americans — followed by antidepressants and opioids — each taken by 13 percent of Americans. In addition, findings showed that:

· Even more staggering than the CDC findings, currently more than half of Americans take two prescription medications, and 20 percent of Americans are on at least five prescription medications.

· More women than men receive prescription medications.

· Antidepressant prescriptions are more common among women than men and are most common among women ages 50 to 64.

When people take multiple medications, there is a greater risk of confusion about which medications are taken when they are taken, and what they are being taken for. There is also a higher risk for drug interactions and increased side effects and adverse reactions.

Sometimes because of the sheer number of medications being prescribed, they may be forgotten, become too much of a bother, or a financial burden which can significantly impact client compliance and lead to poor health outcomes.

In this written assignment, you will be interviewing a client who is taking multiple prescribed medications (three or more) and submitting a written paper describing the findings from the interview. You will then develop a Client Teaching Plan. Your instructor will assist you in the selection of the client. You must achieve a “pass” in this assignment to satisfactorily fulfill the requirements for the Pharmacology course.

The three parts of this assignment are:

Interview with a client who is taking multiple medications (polypharmacy). You must prepare the client before the interview by explaining why you are conducting the interview. You can say “My assignment is to find out about the medications you are taking so I can determine if you need more information about what you are taking”. You must always get permission from the client to conduct the interview and you must tell the client how the information will be used. You can say, “I will not be using your name in the information I share and I will be submitting it to my instructor only for this student assignment”. If there is important information that needs to be communicated to you, your doctor, family, or nurse, my instructor will assist me in following up on this”. Tell the client you will take no more than 30-45 minutes for the interview.

There may be a family member or significant other present during the interview. That is fine. Be sure to identify who answered a question and if possible always have the client answer first. Always thank the client (and others) when you complete the interview.

Do not use recording equipment for this interview. Have a notepad and pencil or pen and explain that you will be taking notes. When the interview is over, go to a quiet place and take some time to fill in any information you did not jot down. If you wait, you will not remember.

When setting the environment for the interview, make sure the client (and others) are comfortable and you are comfortably seated facing the client. If possible, interview in a quiet place. Ask questions slowly giving the client time to answer. Pay attention to the client's hearing and ability to respond to the questions. Be sure your non-verbal communication demonstrates you are calm and relaxed.

Use the following interview question guidelines when conducting the interview. Be aware that the client may not be able to answer each of the questions with detailed information. Collect as much information as the client is able and willing to give you. Remember you are the interviewer so you will be collecting information and not making any comments about the information shared by the client except to ask for further clarification if you are not sure what was said or need more detail if it is available.

1. What medications are you taking?

1. Before the interview research each of the medications. In your paper include the reason for each medication, the drug classification, the route of administration, the dose, and possible side effects/adverse reactions.

For the following questions, paraphrase the client's answers for your written paper.

1. How long have you taken each of these medications?

1. Do you know why you are taking these medications?

1. Who told you about the medications and why do you need to take them? Were you able to ask any questions about the medications and if so were they answered so you understood what was said?

1. How do you feel about taking these medications?

1. Are you taking other medication purchased “over the counter” such as in a drug store? If so, what is it and why are you taking it?

1. How and when do you take your medications?

1. Do you have any difficulty taking the medications? If so, what happens and how do you deal with any difficulties?

1. Have you ever felt any uncomfortable feelings and body reactions to taking these medications? If so, what were they and how were they handled?

1. If you had the above reaction, did they take you off the medication and replace it with another medication? Were you told why this happened?

1. Do you have any reason not to take the medications?

1. Have you ever not taken the medication? If so, what was the reason?

Ask a final question about whether the client would like to tell you anything further about their medications.

Write a paper describing your research and findings about the medications being taken and the interview results. Report your findings in a 3-5 page written paper. In your paper include the reason for each medication, the drug classification, the route of administration, the dose, and possible side effects/adverse reactions.

Use accurate and appropriate spelling and grammar and APA Editorial Format for sources used in your written paper.

Develop a teaching plan for this client based on your findings. Based on the findings from the interview, develop a 2-3 page teaching plan to include the following:

1. List one goal for this teaching plan

1. Describe two to three teaching resources that might be used

1. Identify two teaching strategies that can be used based on the client interviewed

1. List specific client instructions regarding the medications what adverse reactions they should be aware of/and what to do

1. Identify at least one factor that may negatively influence adherence to the medications and how it can be overcome

1. If, appropriate, describe how the family might be involved in ensuring the client is on a proper and safe medication regime

Bottom of Form

Discuss the implications of complexity and chaos theories for use in the advanced nursing leadership role.

Expectations

Initial Post:

• Length: 150 – 250 Words