Analyze and apply critical thinking skills in the psychopathology of mental health patients and provide treatment and health promotion while applying evidence-based research.Scenario:

Jax is a 66-year-old Caucasian female whose wife has encouraged her to seek treatment. She has never been in therapy before, and has no history of depression or anxiety. However, her alcohol use has recently been getting in the way of her marriage, and interfering with her newly-retired life. She describes drinking increasing amounts over the last year, currently consuming approximately a six-pack of beer per day. She notes that this amount “doesn’t give me the same buzz as it used to.” She denies ever experiencing “the shakes” or any other withdrawal symptoms if she skips a day of drinking.

Jax comments that her wife is her biggest motivation to decrease her alcohol use. She tells Jax that she gets argumentative and irritable when she drinks, though she does not always remember these incidents. She has also fallen while intoxicated twice, causing bruises both times and hitting her head on one of the occasions.

Questions:

Remember to answer these questions from your textbooks and NP guidelines. At all times, explain your answers. 

1. Describe the presenting problems/issues. Is there any information that was not provided that you would need to formulate a diagnosis?
2. Generate a primary and differential diagnosis using the DSM5 and ICD 10 codes.
3. What physiological and psychological processes lead to substance dependence?

Submission Instructions:

• Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.  Your initial post is worth 8 points.
• You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.) 
• All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.
• Please post your initial response by 11:59 PM ET Thursday, and comment on the posts of two classmates by 11:59 PM ET Sunday.
• Late work policies, expectations regarding proper citations, acceptable means of responding to peer feedback, and other expectations are at the discretion of the instructor.
• You can expect feedback from the instructor within 48 to 72 hours from the Sunday due date.

Discussion 1

Every day, people make choices that affect their physical health and wellness. Some choices are influenced by the environment and social factors, which in turn contribute to people’s health outcomes. Healthcare professionals (i.e., physicians, nurses, dietitians, sports medicine, etc.) are responsible for their own health by making decisions and practicing behaviors that enhance their wellbeing. Healthcare professionals also have a responsibility to their clients. While responsibilities may vary among healthcare professionals, it is important the healthcare team is alert to clients’ nutrition problems and needs.

After studying 

Module 1: Lecture Materials & Resources
, answer the following:

1. In one paragraph, give at least 2 examples of how culture, society, politics, or religion influences your nutrition. Discuss the role that food plays in your family or personal life.

2. Navigate to 
Your Digestive System and How it Works: 

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-worksLinks to an external site.
 View the webpage and share in 1 paragraph at least 1 example of something your learned about the digestive system.

3. Search the internet for 1 example of an over-the-counter medication designed to treat common digestive problems such as heartburn, constipation, diarrhea, and hemorrhoids. Write 1 paragraph describing a) appropriate and inappropriate uses for this medication, and b) adverse health implications associated with misuse and/or overuse of this product.

Discussion 2

Carbohydrates have received a bad reputation, especially when it comes to their role in weight gain. All carbohydrates are not bad and the primary role of carbohydrates in the body is to supply the cells with glucose for energy. One type of carbohydrate is sugar. Some people are unaware that instead of avoiding all sugars, they can choose to include natural sugars found in vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and fruit. On the other hand, most people know that too much fat poses health risks, but may be surprised to learn that too little does, too.

After studying 

Module 2: Lecture Materials & Resources
, answer the following:

1. Navigate to My Plate: 

https://www.myplate.gov/Links to an external site.
 and to the Diabetes Plate: 

What is the Diabetes Plate Method?Links to an external site.
 (diabetesfoodhub.org) then, submit at least 1 paragraph comparing both for

A. similarities

B. differences

C. share who should follow MyPlate and who should follow the Diabetes Plate method?

2. Navigate to the American Heart Association: 

http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Links to an external site.
 and to the National Cancer Institute: 

http://www.cancer.govLinks to an external site.
, submit a 1 paragraph analysis on the relationships between dietary fats and the risk of heart disease, cancer, or type 2 diabetes (choose one).

3. Choose a food label from your favorite snack, and take a picture of the Nutrition Facts on the food label. Navigate to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration, “Interactive Nutrition Facts Label: 

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/InteractiveNutritionFactsLabel/#introLinks to an external site.
 Choose one ingredient from your label. Share with the class one (1) health fact and (1) action step you learned about that ingredient in the interactive site.

4. Explain the differences between high-quality and low-quality proteins, and well-balanced vegetarian diets.

Discussion 3

The body manages its energy supply with amazing precision. Consider that many people maintain their weight within about a 10- to 20-pound range throughout their lives. How do they do this? How does the body manage excess energy? How do bones, muscle, fat, fluid, and other tissue influence our body composition? However, overweight, and underweight both result in energy imbalance. Almost 42% of adults aged 20 and above are overweight placing them at risk of developing chronic diseases that affect quality of life.

After studying 

Module 3: Lecture Materials & Resources
, answer the following:

1. Conduct a nutrition/survey interview with 2 athletes and ask them a) what protein or amino acid supplements they use in their diet? and b) why do they use those supplements? Then, navigate to: 

www.quackwatch.orgLinks to an external site.
 and enter the name of the supplement. Provide 1 paragraph with your analysis of the products and what you found out about the products’ nutritional characteristics (see Chapter 5, page 132 of your textbook).

2. Search the internet for a popular weight-loss program (i.e., Jenny Craig, Weight Watchers, etc.), and submit 1 paragraph with the following:

A. describe the diet plan

B. evaluate whether the plan offers a nutritionally reliable way to lose weight or is it a Fad Diet (see Chapter 7, Table NP7-1, page 193 of your textbook)

3. In 1 paragraph, describe type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes by providing:

A. characteristics

B. definition

C. causes & symptoms (see Chapter 20, Table 20.2, page 564 of your textbook).

To Prepare:

· Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.

· Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”

· Identify and select 4 peer-reviewed research articles from your research.

· For information about annotated bibliographies, visit 

https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/annotatedbibliographiesLinks to an external site.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

· Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.

· Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper.

· Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.

· In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.

· Use APA format and include a title page.

· Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

Reply to these works with a reflection of their response.  200 words each ones

Please make sure to provide citations and references (in APA, 7th ed. format)  

1.My name is Ceria Mok Yam, I came from Venezuela 8 years ago and currently living in Miami with my husband and 2 little kids. I am a foreign medical doctor and as part of my goals to continue working in the healthcare field I became a registered nurse last year and decided to continue my path through the family nurse practitioner program. Right now, I am fully dedicated to my classes and family. My hobbies usually include a pleasant restaurant and playgrounds or kids’ friendly activities. And my long term goals include working as a PCP in a medical office once I complete my FNP.

During this first week, I am going to discuss the use of the paradigms of health, by linking between health and behavior, and describing how this relationship affects social determinants of health.

As part of the paradigms of health, John Travis, a medical practitioner, developed a model of wellbeing called The Illness-Wellness Continuum, which explain the constant dynamic between different degrees of wellness and illness, starting from a neutral point in the center of the graphic, from which a patient can move to the left showing a progressively worsening level of health, or moving to the right, indicating an increase state of health, and wellbeing (Lothes & Kantor, 2021). This model tries to explain that in the healthcare field, the absent of a disease does not necessarily mean that a person is healthy, it describes how a patient with physical injuries, symptoms, and disabilities can be treated in a way to achieve the neutral point. However, the wellness paradigms explain that additional progression to the right side of the model is necessary to ensure not only physical but emotional and mental wellness.

In order to achieve a higher level of wellness, it is essential to determine the effect of medical treatments, behavior, and socioeconomic status in the patient’s health condition; acquiring a more holistic approach can help nursing professionals better understand the importance of a individualized plan of care specific to each patient.

Some of the elements that might influence the paradigms of health include the education level (Solanki, Shankar Rath, Silan, & Singh, 2020). It is known that those with higher education levels and literacy usually engage in healthy behaviors, compared with individuals with lower education preparation and less access to information about healthy habits. Socioeconomic status has a significant impact on health conducts and conditions (Solanki, Shankar Rath, Silan, & Singh, 2020). Patients with financial challenges and reduced access to resources can have difficulties fulfilling their health goals. Also, patients with chronic disease can lead to job loss, worsening his or her resources and status.

Cultural and social support, family, close relatives, and friends, as well as community members may influence in the patient’s capacity to engage in healthy behaviors, which includes physical activities preferences, cultural habits, food options, emotional states, capacity to express themselves, and others.

In conclusion, the comprehension of the paradigms of health can help nursing professional and healthcare providers in general, to assess the individual health status and address social determinants of health in order to create interventions that provide adequate resources and promote healthier conducts, which consequently improve their overall status.

2. My name is Anny Morales Souquett, I am a foreign doctor, specialist in Gynecology and Obstetrics. I arrived in the EEUU in 2018.  I live in Miami. In 2020 I started nursing school and finish in December 2022. I did the Nclex in February 2023. I currently work as a Care Coordinator, taking care of the needs of patients with Highly Complex, High Risk, and High Utilizer. In my spare time, I enjoy walking in the parks, going to the beach, and traveling with my family. My favorite movies are Start Wars and Disney movies. In 5 years, I visualize myself as a Nurse Practitioner of a Gynecological medical office, providing the best care to my patients, doing prevention, and teaching them to provide their lifestyle. I am sure that the class will help me understand this topic much better.

Understanding how societal and personal variables affect well-being requires using the paradigms of health to investigate the connection between health and behavior. Social determinants of health, which are the circumstances under which people are born, develop, live, work, and age and which affect health outcomes, are significantly impacted by this relationship. Three references who are no older than five years old provide the following overview of this relationship:

The biomedical perspective has a history of emphasizing the physical components of health and frequently views disorders as distinct entities. Modern biological research does, however, recognize the significant influence that behavior has on health consequences. According to research, lifestyle factors like food, exercise, and drug use significantly affect how chronic diseases start and advance (Danaei et al., 2019). Healthcare professionals can better meet the needs of each patient by customizing therapies and prevention measures by understanding these linkages.

The biopsychosocial paradigm takes a comprehensive approach to health, considering biological, psychological, and social variables. Health is understood to be both a result of behavior and its primary cause. Stress-related harmful behaviors, such as smoking or binge eating, can have an impact on one’s physical health (Taylor et al., 2017). A holistic approach to healthcare must consider how these aspects interact.

Social Determinants of Health: Social determinants of health are closely related to the connection between behavior and health. Individual behaviors and health outcomes are significantly influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors. For instance, socioeconomic gaps might prevent disadvantaged groups from having access to nutritious food options and secure spaces for physical activity, which can result in harmful habits and worsened health (Braveman et al., 2017). The significance of tackling social determinants to lessen health disparities is highlighted by the recognition of these relationships.

It is crucial to comprehend how behavior and health interact within the framework of these paradigms to create public health strategies and policies that are efficient. Policymakers and healthcare practitioners can create treatments that target both individual behaviors and the larger societal contexts that drive such behaviors by considering the complex web of variables that affect health outcomes.

During the course, you have done a thorough analysis of a company and the health care subsector in which the company operates now is the time to look at all your findings and insights and be bold and make at least three predictions of what will happen to this organization or industry. Think in terms of the forces that affect your organization, its infrastructure and workforce challenges, if there are any reforms that may have a major impact? Be bold but NOT too bold. Think of a future that is plausible.