Option 1

Though political scientists debate on the precise reasons for the low representation of women in Congress, the number of women serving in the House and Senate is significantly lower than that of men. Since the 1980s, the percentage of women in congress has consistently increased, yet they are still notably underrepresented (Chamberlain University, 2023). A complex problem, the underrepresentation of women in Congress has structural, political, and cultural roots. After the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in 1920, several states, particularly in the west, granted women the right to vote. However, this restriction persisted until the 1960s civil rights movements and the enactment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.  Before the 1980s, women were less likely than males to vote and participate in politics. Today, women vote at a greater rate (4%) than men, yet there is still a dearth of women in congress in the United States (Greenberg, E. S. & Page, B. I., 2018).

The low representation of women in Congress, in my opinion, is due to a variety of factors, including gender stereotypes and roles that are special to girls' genders. As a result, girls may be exposed to fewer cues that encourage political activity, which in turn results in fewer women entering the political pipeline. Women currently have many obligations, including family, employment, housework, raising children, and providing for their education. As a result, they do not have enough time for politics, which may affect their ability to be represented in Congress. Sanbonmatsu, K. (2020), claims that due to the low number of women in Congress, American democracy may not require women's representation. According to the article, women make up 23.7 percent of congressional presentations in the United States, which is lower than the global average of 24 %. A statute or constitutional provision requiring a gender quota for candidates or officeholders does not exist in the United States, but the use of quotas in elections is on the rise globally. Women's representation in politics, in my opinion, might be improved by quota systems. To increase the number of women in Congress, gender equality should be promoted, and gender discrimination should be ended.

References

Chamberlain University (2023). Week 5: U.S. Congress and Presidency

Greenberg, E. S & Page, B. I. (2018).
 The Struggle for Democracy, 2018 Elections and Updates Edition. (12th ed.). Pearson.

Sanbonmatsu, K. (2020). Women’s Underrepresentation in the U.S. Congress. American Academic of Arts and Science. https://www.amacad.org/publication/womens-underrepresentation-us-congress

Reply

See attachment for instructions 

A little about myself

I am behavioral health nurse for 6 years, I am currently doing my masters in psychiatric nursing. 

Instructions Unit 1 Assignment – Clinical Preparation Tool- Instructions- 800w-4 references- due 11-4-23

Topic: Suicidal Ideation 

Suicide Assessment C-SSRS

The Columbia Lighthouse Project. (2016). 


Identify risk. Prevent suicide

Links to an external site.
. https://cssrs.columbia.edu/

For this week utilize the tool listed above to complete the assignment.

Overview  

As you will learn throughout the program, the diagnosis of a variety of psychiatric illnesses is not always an easy or straightforward process. Multiple observations and assessment methods are often employed to reach a diagnosis. This approach can include the use of standardized assessment instruments.  This then aids you in defining a treatment plan and choosing specific treatment plans to use in the care of your clients.  

You are tasked with
identifying a standardized assessment instrument/tool to measure the disorders listed for each week. You will keep these instruments in the form of a “portfolio” that you can use in your clinical practice to assess clients who present with a variety of symptoms.  

Instructions:  

Instrument/ Tool criteria:  

For each assessment, you are tasked with selecting, you will identify an instrument and:  

1. List what
DSM diagnosis the tool/instrument is used for.  

2.
Identify an assessment/diagnosis instrument. 

3. Appraise a scholarly, peer-reviewed article that addresses the use of the instrument to support your choice as an evidence-based instrument for practice.  

4. Evaluate the instrument’s appropriateness for diagnosing the condition it is designed to assess or if the developers of the instrument reported that the instrument is only part of a comprehensive assessment for the disorder.  

5. Describe whether or not the instrument can be used to measure patient response to therapy/treatment or if it is strictly for assessment and diagnosis.  

6. Discuss the psychometrics/scoring of the instrument, including reliability and validity.  

7. Discuss any limitations associated with the use of the instrument. 

8. Include a link to view the assessment if possible. 

 Use the following template in completing your portfolio assignments. Your information can be in a bulleted format or just a couple of sentences for each criterion listed above. However, you must use APA citations.  You are NOT required to write this in a paper format.  Turn in one document for each week’s topics.  (However, create a file on your desktop to compile your portfolio as you move through the term.)  This will ensure you can have easy access to show the full portfolio and once you begin clinicals and practice.  Throughout the program, you will continue to add to the portfolio in each course. 

Anxiety and Related Disorders

Week 4

DSM: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Instrument: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2

(GAD-2)

Article: Validation and Standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7)

in the General Population. Medical Care

Appropriateness for Dx: The GAD-7 and GAD-2 is screening tools for initial assessment for

mental health screening. The screening is the process used by healthcare provider to assess the

need to further evaluate for anxiety disorders. This helps determine the need for further

questioning on the anxiety the individual may be experiencing.

Response to Therapy/Treatment: This screening is effective for self-reporting of anxiety for

the healthcare provider. The evidence supports the validity and reliability of the GAD-7 and

GAD-2 for screening for anxiety disorders (Löwe et al., 2008).

Assessment Instruments

Psychometrics: The questionnaire is a self-reporting tool used for the individual to report any

problematic areas dealing with anxiety. The screening tool has 7 questions in the GAD-7 and the

shorter briefer questionnaire has 2 questions. The questionnaire asks the individual “Over the last

2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems?”. Then list 7 different

items relating to anxiety and the GAD-2 is the same just stops after question 2. The is effective

screening tool to help see the problem areas. The individual has several different choices to

provide feedback. It is on a scaled system to calculate a score. For example, the first choice “0”

has the words “not at all” and the last choice is “nearly every day” with the score of “+3”. The

calculated score at the end is broke down by minimal, mild, moderate, severe anxiety based on

the scoring.

Limitations:

Limitations: The limitations on the screening tool is the individual answering truthfully or to the

best of their ability. The assessment and further evaluation by the healthcare provider is

necessary for validation of the diagnosis.

References

Löwe, B., Decker, O., Müller, S., Brähler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y.

(2008). Validation and Standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in

the General Population. Medical Care, 46(3), 266–274.

please follow all directions